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91.
斑衣蜡蝉是一种危害多种林木和果树的重要刺吸性害虫,主要分布于中国、日本、越南、韩国、印度和美国等地。该虫在经济林木中最喜危害葡萄,目前在宁夏地区随着转换寄主,现已扩散到了部分葡萄园,成为贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄的重要虫害之一。为全面了解其研究进展,本文概述了国内外关于斑衣蜡蝉的寄主植物、形态特征、危害状况、发生规律、生活习性、诱发因素及防治措施等研究现状,以期为防治该虫,寻求进一步研究方向及探讨新的防治途径提供帮助。 相似文献
92.
Pengfei Chen Honggang Chang Tao Peng Yongfan Tang Youquan Liu Chao Xiang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(30):50314
Hydraulic fracturing with slickwater is a field-proven stimulation technology used in tight reservoirs. Because of the high pumping rate associated with slickwater fracturing, drag reduction (DR) is critical in minimizing pressure drop and the success of oilfield operations. In this paper, a new type of drag reducer (SPR) was synthesized with acrylamide and 12-allyloxydodecyl acid sodium, and its drag reduction performance was evaluated. The results showed that the new drag reducer features low molecular weight, fast-dissolving rate and low interfacial tension. The algorithm of estimating the drag reduction rate of non-Newtonian fluid SPR was proposed and validated. Empirical or semianalytical models for estimating the friction ratio (σ) or friction factor (λ or f) were used to simulate the turbulence behavior of the SPR drag reducer under different Reynolds numbers (Re). The modified Virk's correlation could accurately model the turbulent behavior of the SPR drag reducer. A unified calculation formula was established in this study for different pipe diameters. 相似文献
93.
94.
VOCs是形成臭氧的重要前体物,加强VOCs治理是现阶段控制臭氧污染的有效途径.废气生物处理装置为满足新的排放要求改造前应先对废气组分进行分析,并筛选合适的菌种进行接种以降低后续提标装置的投资.可采用吸附技术或高级氧化技术对生物处理装置出气进行提标处理.提标工艺如采用吸附技术需考虑吸附剂脱附产生物质的再处理. 相似文献
95.
支承或连接构件对梁结构的动力学性能有至关重要影响,必须保证其在振动过程中不发生破坏或者失效。通过合理设计和布局附加弹性支承可以实现对这些重要连接构件所承受约束反力的控制。应用微分变换法推导含附加支承的梁结构支承约束反力及其对于附加支承位置和刚度的灵敏度表达式,并通过优化设计附加支承位置和刚度实现具有弹性约束端的简支梁结构各支承约束反力的平衡,可提高结构的动力学性能。 相似文献
96.
结构光系统目前在三维测量、逆向工程等领域应用日益广泛,然而关于结构光系统性能评测方法的研究成果仍然很少,仅有少数国际标准给出了3D扫描系统的性能评测方法.本文首先建立了双目结构光系统的仿真模型,其中包括了相机镜头畸变模型和针孔成像模型,实现投影仪投射数字正弦条纹的仿真和被扫描的靶球特征量仿真计算,采用的三维重建方法为光学三角法.然后基于仿真模型,对其基线距离相关的误差灵敏度进行了仿真,发现靶球中心位置和靶球球心距对基线距离误差具有较高的灵敏度,可以作为测试方法的输出.最后,如果只考虑基线距离误差,标准测试方法中的校准球棒的位置应在测量范围内的相对距离尽可能大,为标准性能评测方法提供了改进建议. 相似文献
97.
98.
Anti-washout and tissue adhesion properties are essential for the clinical application of injectable bone materials. In this study, we prepared calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with anti-washout and tissue adhesion properties and attempted to build covalent bonds between CPC and the amino groups in bone tissue under a self-regulating pH system in the CPC (acidic to basic). The results of push-out tests demonstrated that a significant enhancement (from 6.42 ± 0.76 N to 61.5 ± 4.09 N) in tissue adhesion was obtained with the addition of 6% (w/w) oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) in CPC. The FTIR, XRD, anti-washout test, XPS, pH test, and SEM results suggested that the synergistic effect of OSA-citric acid (CA) led to the formation of a three-dimensional gel network structure in the CPC, and the Schiff base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups induced adhesion between CPC and the bone tissue. Further, the addition of less OSA had no significant negative effect on the hydration properties of CPC. Our work aims to promote the development of injectable bone material in clinical applications. 相似文献
99.
JAVARIA AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ KASHIF ALI KUBAR SHAFAQAT ALI CHENGXIAO HU 《Biocell》2021,45(6):1631-1649
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due
to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing
plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd
spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil,
mixed with different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO4
at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress,
antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that
addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters,
mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of
chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to
those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of
oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to
the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like
phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the
soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which
were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application
of FeSO4 which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and
shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of
FeSO4 in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd
stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO4-mediated reduction of
the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants. 相似文献
100.
Nianxiu Duan Junjun Li Sha Song Feng Wang Yiwei Yang Di Nie Caifen Wang Yingjie Sheng Yali Tao Jie Gao Can Xu Yan Wei Yong Gan 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(46):2100605
Tumor-specific enhanced delivery of chemotherapeutics and modulators to tumor cells and activated pancreatic stellate cells (aPSCs), respectively, represents safer and more effective therapy for pancreatic cancer. Herein, a membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-cleavable spacer is used to assemble low-density cRGDfK onto thermosensitive liposomes loaded with phosphorylated calcipotriol (PCAL) and doxorubicin (DOX), yielding MR-T-PD. The liposome-linked cRGDfK prodrug on MR-T-PD surface is first activated by MT1-MMP, which is selectively expressed on tumor endothelial cells, to release cRGDfK. The free cRGDfK specifically promotes tumor angiogenesis, leading to 3.4-fold higher accumulation and a wider distribution of MR-T-PD in tumors. Furthermore, MR-T-PD rapidly releases PCAL and DOX into the interstitium under heat treatment. The released DOX enters tumor cells to induce apoptosis, whereas the PCAL prodrug is converted to CAL by alkaline phosphatase on the surface of aPSCs; CAL can then enter aPSCs to induce quiescence and promote the antitumor effect of DOX. Finally, by enhancing the exposure of DOX and CAL to tumor cells and aPSCs, respectively, in a tumor-specific manner, MR-T-PD exerts superior efficacy (a 5.9-fold decrease in tumor weight) without causing additional side effects. Overall, this prodrug-based smart liposome system represents a promising paradigm for pancreatic cancer therapy. 相似文献